Dean Mouhtaropoulos/Getty
This story was originally published by Grist and is reproduced here as part of the Climate Desk collaboration.
ExxonMobil isn’t exactly known for being an environmental justice champion. But according to a scorecard published last week, the oil major is dead last among the S&P 500 companies when it comes to racial equity and environmental racism.
The scorecard was compiled by the shareholder advocacy group As You Sow, whose racial justice initiative aims to hold large corporations responsible for their contributions to systemic racism. It released an earlier version of the scorecard in March, evaluating the 500 largest publicly traded companies on 26 racial justice performance indicators—things like workplace diversity, promotion rates of employees of color, and donations to organizations fighting for racial justice.
But following criticism that the scorecard failed to capture big polluters’ impact on nonwhite communities, an update from As You Sow puts environmental justice front and center. One new criterion rewards companies for acknowledging environmental justice issues, and three others dock points from firms that have violated environmental regulations, incurred pollution penalties, or harmed nonwhite communities. This update, said Olivia Knight, manager of As You Sow’s Racial Justice Initiative, has helped paint a more complete racial justice profile for each company. “We see the environmental and racial justice as completely linked,” Knight said. “You can’t have racial justice without acknowledging and remedying environmental justice.”
The evaluation’s results weren’t rosy for any of the S&P 500 companies—Microsoft and CVS, tied for first place, got a total score of only 60 percent—but the energy sector stood out for its particularly bad performance. Overall, the sector scored an average of just 3 percent, with seven companies’ scores dipping into the negative numbers—meaning that their actions had done more harm than good to low-income and nonwhite communities. Fossil fuel producers made up half of the scorecard’s worst 10 companies on racial justice, with ExxonMobil at the very bottom, along with other oil and gas firms like Marathon Petroleum and Valero Energy.
According to Knight, the energy companies’ low scores were largely attributable to the sector’s ongoing legacy of polluting nonwhite communities. Across environmental justice criteria, all of the S&P 500’s 23 energy companies received scores below zero. ExxonMobil, for example, was penalized for its activities in Beaumont, Texas, where one of its crude oil refineries has regularly been in noncompliance with the Clean Air Act, spewing carcinogens into a majority-Black neighborhood.
“Environmental racism is built into their business plan,” Knight said. “They have allowed all of these environmental violations to become just business as usual.”
In response to the report, ExxonMobil—which was given a negative-23 percent score by As You Sow—told Grist it had a “rich history of support for equality, minority involvement in our business, and for minority education and minority-led business development,” citing contributions it made to an industry handbook for sustainable reporting guidelines.
The report also mentions Marathon Petroleum’s oil refineries near Black and brown communities in southwest Detroit, where vapor releases and chemical leaks have exacerbated local cancer and asthma rates. According to the government watchdog Good Jobs First, Marathon and its subsidiaries have accrued nearly $1.5 billion in penalties for environmental, safety, and health violations since 2000. The company got a negative-17 percent score from As You Sow. Marathon Petroleum told Grist that the scorecard was “based on incomplete information” about the company’s equal employment reporting and that it was committed to engaging with As You Sow and other stakeholders to discuss equity concerns.
Valero, which got 491st place on As You Sow’s scorecard, was criticized for a proposal that would have routed a natural gas pipeline through seven miles of 97-percent-Black neighborhoods in Memphis, Tennessee, avoiding majority-white suburbs in the north of the city. The proposal was ultimately canceled, but the company drew further criticism for natural gas flares at its south Memphis refinery, which As You Sow said may contribute to the region’s elevated cancer rate, four times the national average. Valero Energy did not respond to Grist’s request for comment in time for publication.
Beyond its habit of putting polluting infrastructure in predominantly nonwhite neighborhoods, another reason the energy sector underperformed on the scorecard was what As You Sow called a “serious lack of diversity, equity, and inclusion disclosure.” According to the group’s press release, relatively few S&P 500 companies have made public extensive data on their workplace composition, retention rates, and hiring practices, making it difficult to evaluate the companies on those criteria. Most energy companies also failed to acknowledge systemic racism, make donations to racial justice organizations, or state that they were listening to Black employees, contributing to their low scores.
Knight expressed optimism that awareness of racial and environmental justice has grown since last summer’s nationwide protests over the police killings of George Floyd and other unarmed Black people, and that some companies have approached As You Sow for advice on upping their racial equity scores. But because of their core business model, she said, fossil fuel companies are lagging far behind. Oil and gas will always pose an environmental justice issue even if it’s not from localized pollution; their burning causes climate change, which is already harming nonwhite communities.
“There’s no way around their disproportionate climate impacts,” Knight said. “We don’t have time to beat around the bush—we need to fundamentally demand change.”
